Contains:  Star trails
Star trails time exposure, Don Pettit

Star trails time exposure

Star trails time exposure, Don Pettit

Star trails time exposure

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Description

Time exposure during orbital night from the ISS stacked with Photoshop for equivalent exposure of 30 minutes (Nikon D3s, 24mm f1.4, ISO 6400).   Stars move in arcs due to the pitch rate of ISS projected into space at 51.6 degrees to the equator.  In the velocity vector, stars move in straight lines, to the port and starboard, they move in circular arcs. Cities lights form streaks due to orbital motion.  Lightning appears as periodic flashes also due to orbital motion. The atmosphere on edge appears with a yellow glow from the soon to rise sun. The scale thickness of the atmosphere seen on edge is about 120km.  Star trail arcs change curvature as they move through the atmosphere towards the Earth limb.  At about 400km is the red f-region of the atmosphere emitting near 630nm from atomic oxygen. The bottom of the Japanese "Kibo" module with its exposure facility "JEF" is visible along with the Canada arm.

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Star trails time exposure, Don Pettit